Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection of adults in rural community.Methods Totally 298 adult patients aged 18 years old and above with lower respiratory tract infection admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the infection group, and 300 non-respiratory tract infection patients in the same period were selected as the non-infection group. The clinical data, clinical characteristics and inflammation indicators were retrospectively reviewed, including fever, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, blood routine, CRP and hospitalization days. Multifactor regression analysis was used to study the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection.Results The main clinical features and constituent ratios of 298 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection in community were cough (98.66%), sputum (88.93%), shortness of breath (55.70%) and fever (12.75%). Blood routine examination showed that white blood cells were normal (62.08%), increased (19.46%), decreased (7.05%), neutrophils increased (21.48%), decreased (10.40%), lymphocyte increased (4.36%), decreased (5.37%). CRP was normal (58.73%), increased (26.17%), decreased (15.10%). The average length of stay was 8.65 plus 1.25 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower respiratory tract infection was closely related to autumn and winter (OR=1.940，95%CI：1.364～2.757) and chronic respiratory diseases (OR=11.035，95%CI： 6.098～19.970) (P<0.05).Conclusion There are many clinical characteristics and risk factors of respiratory tract infection in rural adult community. Effective interventions should betaken to reduce the infection rate and improve the quality of life of patients.